Bed Leveling and First Layer Calibration: The Complete Guide

The first layer is where 90% of failed prints die. Learn to read it:

– Lines not sticking, round cross-section → nozzle too high. – Ripped, translucent, gouged lines → nozzle too low. – One corner fails → bed is tilted; re-level that corner. – Waves/rings → over-extrusion or too-fast first layer.

Automatic leveling measures the bed’s shape, but the Z-offset (the "zero" of nozzle height) still needs manual attention. Use the paper method: slide a receipt-thickness paper under the nozzle until it drags lightly. Then print a single-layer test square and fine-tune in 0.02mm steps.

Re-check after moving the printer, changing nozzles, or any head crash.